Journal of Oceanography- Lupine Publishers

Emodnet Physics: Benefits from Marine Data Sharing by Giuseppe MR Manzella in Modern Approaches in Oceanography and Petrochemical Sciences(MAOPS)- Lupine Publishers

Access to marine data is of vital importance for marine research and a key issue for various studies, from climate change prediction to off shore engineering. Giving access to and harmonising marine data from different sources will help industry, public authorities and researchers find the data and make more effective use of them to develop new products, services and improve our understanding of how the seas behave. The European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) is a long term program to deliver a marine observation infrastructure that offers the most effective support to the marine and maritime economy whilst supporting environmental protection needs. The paper is presenting the activities achieved by the EMODnet Physics. EMODnet Physics provides a combined array of services and functionalities (facility for viewing and downloading, dashboard reporting and machine-to-machine communication services) to obtain, free of charge data, meta-data and data products on the physical conditions of European sea basins and oceans. Moreover, the system provides full interoperability with third-party software through WMS services, Web Services and Web catalogues in order to exchange data and products according to the most recent standards.

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Petrochemical Sciences open access journals- Lupine Publishers

Temporal and Spatial Variability of GlobalUpper Ocean Freshwater Content by Peter C Chu in Modern Approaches in Oceanography and Petrochemical Sciences(MAOPS)- Lupine Publishers

Observational salinity data from the Global Temperature and Salinity Profile Program (GTSPP) are used to identify temporal and spatial variability of the upper ocean freshwater content (FWC). First, the optimal spectral decomposition (OSD) is used to build up monthly synoptic temperature and salinity data set from January 1990 to December 2009 on 1o×1o grids and the same 33 vertical levels as the World Ocean Atlas 2005. Then, the monthly varying upper layer FWC fields (F) with four different layer thicknesses (surface to 50, 100, 300, and 700 m depths) are obtained. Second, a composite analysis is conducted to obtain the total time mean FWC field ( F ) and the mean annual FWC variability ( F ), which is found an order of magnitude smaller than F . Third, an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method is conducted on the residue data ( ˆF ), deviating from F + F , in order to obtain non-annual variability of the FWC fields. The first two EOF modes account for 63.6-76.4% and 6.7-6.8% of the variance for the four layer thicknesses, representing near-global scale (EOF-1, dominant mode) and northern-southern alternative (EOF-2, minor mode) freshening/salinization events. The near-global scale freshening/salinization has a decadal trend from salinization before 2002 to freshening after 2002. The northern-southern alternative freshening/salinization does not have evident trend.

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Marine Engineering Journals- Lupine Publishers

Challenge of Water Shortage in the World andAzerbaijan and Scientific Practical Solution by RAE Z H Aliyev in Modern Approaches in Oceanography and Petrochemical Sciences- Lupine Publishers

The rapid growth in world population and limitation of soil and water resources have caused major problem for human nutrition security in the world. Only 3% of water resources are fresh water. Accoding to the FAO report, if in the any country Amount of freshwater is less than 1700m³ per capita, this country is faced to serous water shortage. At the present, in the 22 countries share of freshwater per capita is less than 100m³ and in the 18 countries is more than 2000m³. Therefore, Azerbaijan is one of the countries which have faced serous water shortage.

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Annual review of marine science- Lupine Publishers

Performance and Application of Alternative Water Sources in Azerbaijan by RAE Z H Aliyev in Modern Approaches in Oceanography and Petrochemical Sciences( MAOPS)- Lupine Publishers

Article submitted by geographic location, geological geomorphological and soil climatic characteristics of Ganja Kazakh array coordinates and kagrizs capability in order to provide the population with fresh water.On the globe has about 2.53% freshwater, most of which have to share rivers, freshwater lakes, glaciers, groundwater. Given the scarcity of fresh water in the tropical and subtropical zones, identified the relevance of the seek alternative ways of providing the population with crops and fresh water (Figure 1). The Republic of Azerbaijan has a great variety of water resources, their education and distribution, in the territory of which the complexity of natural conditions suffers. In flat areas, the sedimentary rocks of the Mesozoic strata the present period with a lithological composition have large resources of economic, kjagrizy, drinking and artesianwaters. Underground waters, it can be said, are found everywhere in modern sediments. In the foothill areas, as a result of active water exchange, these waters are slightly deeper.

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